Prologue, Stephen G. Sireci I. The Roots 1. A Brief History of Educational Testing and Psychometrics, Kurt F. Geisinger & Betty Jean Usher Tate II. Criterion Referenced Tests 2. Criterion Referenced Testing: Advances over 40 Years, Ronald K. Hambleton, April L. Zenisky, & W. James Popham 3. Standard Setting, Mary J. Pitoniak & Gregory J. Cizek 4. Validity in the Making: From Evidence Centered Design to the Validations of the Interpretations of Test Performance, Barbara S. Plake, Kristen T. Huff, Rosemary R. Reshetar, Pamela Kaliski, & Michael Chajewski 5. Decision Consistency, Kyung Han & Lawrence M. Rudner 6. Applications of Generalizability Theory, Brian E. Clauser & Jerome C. Clauser III. Item Response Theory 7. A Brief History of and Introduction to Item Response Theory, Molly Faulkner Bond & Craig S. Wells 8. Concepts and Methods in Research on Differential Functioning of Test Items: Past, Present, and Future, H. Jane Rogers & Hariharan Swaminathan 9. Understanding Two Dimensional Models of Multidimensional Item Response Theory through Graphical Representations, Terry A. Ackerman & Robert A. Henson 10. Testing Assumptions of Item Response Theory Models, Craig S. Wells, Joseph Rios, & Molly Faulkner Bond IV. Computer Based Testing 11. The History of Computer Based Testing, Denny Way & Fred Robin 12. Current Issues in Computer Based Testing, Craig N. Mills & Krista J. Breithaupt 13. The Future of Computer Based Testing: Some New Paradigms, April L. Zenisky & Richard M. Luecht 14. Design and Modeling Frameworks for 21st Century Simulation and Game Based Assessments, Alina von Davier & Robert Mislevy V. Cross Lingual Assessment 15. Cross Lingual Educational Assessment, Avi Allalouf & Pnina Hanani 16. On Item Pools, Swimming Pools, Birds with Webbed Feet, and the Professionalization of Multilingual Assessment, Fons J. R. van de Vijver & Ype H. Poortinga 17. Test Adaptation Standards for Cross Lingual Assessment, Jose MuA+/-iz, Paula Elosua, Jose Luis Padilla, & Ronald K. Hambleton VI. Accountability Testing and Score Reporting 18. The History of Accountability in Educational Testing, Robert L. Linn 19. Growth: Measurement, Meaning, and Misuse, Lisa A. Keller, Kimberly F. Colvin, & Alejandra Garcia 20. Toward Improving the Reporting of Test Score Results: Lessons Learned from the Evolution of NAEP Reports, April L. Zenisky, John Mazzeo, & Mary J. Pitoniak 21. Performance Assessment and Accountability: Then and Now, Suzanne Lane 22. The History of Testing Special Populations: The Evolution of Fairness in Testing, Jennifer Randall & Alejandra Garcia 23. English Learners and Accountability: The Promise, Pitfalls, and Peculiarity of Assessing Language Minorities via Large Scale Assessment, Molly Faulkner Bond & Ellen Forte 24. Alternate Assessments for Students with Disabilities: Lessons from the National Center and State Collaborative, Martha L. Thurlow & Rachel F. Quenemoen VII. Ongoing Debates and Future Directions 25. The Times They Are A Changing, but the Song Remains the Same: Future Issues and Practices in Test Validation, Stephen G. Sireci & Molly Faulkner Bond Epilogue: A History of Ronald K. Hambleton, Else Hambleton Glossary of Abbreviations