Introduction
Chapter 1. Communications for Conservation
-Why Communicate?
-What Is Communication?
-Communication Theory
-Elements of Communication
-The Source
-Encoding
-The Message and the Medium
-Decoding
-Receiver
-Feedback
-Communications Programs
-Communications and the Public
-Influencing Attitudes
-Influencing Behavior
-Last Words
Chapter 2. Research for Conservation Communications
-Audience Research Goals
-Defining Target Audiences
-Identifying Audience Knowledge, Interests, and Attitudes Research Methods
-Surveys
-Group Interviews and Meetings
-Observational Techniques
-Document Review and Content Analysis
-Case Studies
-Visual Techniques
-Participatory Rural Appraisal
-Naturalistic Inquiry
-Last Words
Chapter 3. Designing A Public Communications Campaign
-Planning
-Review Your Organizational Mission
-Determine Your Goals
-Identify Target Audiences
-Define Objectives
-Inventory Resources and Constraints
-Select Activities and Messages
-Implementation
-Pilot Test the Activities
-Program Operations
-Evaluation
-Communication Strategies and Actions
-Political Activities
-Public Information Activities
-Promotional Activities
-Organizational Activities
-Educational and Interpretive Activities
-Last Words
Chapter 4. Using Mass Media
-Mass Communications
-Mass Communications Approaches
-Making Your Activities Newsworthy
-Cultivating Media Relations
-Mass Media Approaches
-Interviews with the Press
-Advertisements
-Public Service Announcements
-News Releases
-Press Kits, Tip Sheets, and Fact Sheets
-Press Conferences
-Letters to the Editor
-World Wide Web Sites and Electronic Mail
-Last Words
Chapter 5. Methods and Materials for Interpreting the Environment
-Defining Interpretation
-Goals of Interpretation
-Interpretive Programs and Characteristics
-Making Interpretation Entertaining and Relevant
-Organizing Interpretation around Themes
-Developing an Interpretation Program
-Interpretive Methods
-Self-Guided Interpretive Activities
-Exhibits
-Interpretive Publications
-Designing a Brochure
-Personal Interpretation
-Public Presentations
-Tips for Presenting a Slide Show
-Using Other Visual Aids
-Giving a Guided Walk
-Last Words
Chapter 6. Conservation Through Education
-Roots of Education for Conservation
-Evolution of Environmental Education
-Conservation Education Programming
-Target Audiences
-Designing a Program
-Conservation Education in Parks
-Field Schools Associated with U.S. Parks
-Conservation Education in Communities
-Conservation Education for Children
-Cognitive and Social Development Theories
-Learning Styles and the Learning Environment
-Basic Elements of a Program for Children
-Moving from Awareness to Action
-Conservation Education in Schools
-Programs for Adult Learners
-Programs for Mixed Audiences
-Challenges Facing Conservation Education
-Last Words
Chapter 7. Evaluating and Monitoring Program
-Success
-Why Evaluate?
-Internal and External Evaluations
-Formative and Summative Evaluations
-Types of Information Collected during Evaluations
-Planning an Evaluation
-The Planning Evaluation
-The Process Evaluation
-The Product Evaluation
-Evaluation Design
-Evaluation Techniques
-Data Collection for an Evaluation
-Tests of Attitudes, Knowledge, Skills, and Behavior
-Questionnaires and Surveys
-Interviews with Participants
-Focus Groups and Other Group Interviews
-Observation
-Production of Activities and Participant Counts
-Content Analysis and Document Review
-Case Study
-Using Multiple Methods
-Reporting and Using Evaluation Results
-Effective Use of Evaluation Findings
-Last Words
Appendix.
-Case Study of Public Communications for The Gray Wolf Reintroduction to Yellowstone National Park
-Mission and Campaign Goals
-Problem Identification and Audience Targeting
-Target Audiences
-Appropriate Media, Important Content Areas, and Strategic Messages
-Measurable Objectives and Strategic Planning
-Implementation Activities
-The Public Education Program
-The Environmental Impact Study Phase
-The Reintroduction Phase
-Evaluation Plan
-Analysis of Public Communications for Wolf Reintroduction
-Achieving the Mission and Goals
-Targeting the Audience
-Determining Objectives and a Strategy
-Measurable Objectives
-Strategic Planning
-Interagency Cooperation
-Implementing Activities
-Public Education
-The Environmental Impact Statement Process
-Media Coverage
-Evaluating the Results
-Future Needs
Notes
Index